Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: It is often the case that a quantity of interest may not be easy (or even possible) to measure directly but instead must be calculated from other directly measured properties and appropriate mathematical relationships. For example, consider measuring the average speed of […]
Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Results Read More »
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Counting is the only type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change while the counting process is underway. The result of such a counting measurement is an example of an exact number. By
Measurement Uncertainty, Accuracy, and Precision Read More »
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Measurements Measurements provide much of the information that informs the hypotheses, theories, and laws describing the behavior of matter and energy in both the macroscopic and microscopic domains of chemistry. Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Physical and Chemical Properties The characteristics that distinguish one substance from another are called properties. A physical property is a characteristic of matter that is not associated with a change in its chemical composition. Familiar examples of physical properties include density, color, hardness, melting
Physical and Chemical Properties Read More »
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Matter is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass, and it is all around us. Solids and liquids are more obviously matter: We can see that they take up space, and their weight tells us that they have mass. Gases are
Phases and Classification of Matter Read More »
Figure 1.1 Chemical substances and processes are essential for our existence, providing sustenance, keeping us clean and healthy, fabricating electronic devices, enabling transportation, and much more. (credit “left”: modification of work by “vxla”/Flickr; credit “left middle”: modification of work by “the Italian voice”/Flickr; credit “right middle”: modification of work by Jason Trim; credit “right”: modification of work
Chemistry in Context – Essential Ideas Read More »
